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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Huntingtin</span></h1>
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><table class="wikitable hintergrundfarbe-basis infobox float-right" id="Vorlage_Infobox_Protein_Huntingtin" style="font-size:90%; margin-top:0; width:350px;" summary="Infobox Protein">
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Huntingtin
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<td colspan="3"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="text-align:center; font-size:smaller; font-weight:bold;">Kristallstrukturanalyse des N-Terminus von menschlichem Huntingtin
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<td colspan="3" class="hintergrundfarbe1" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p>Vorhandene Strukturdaten: <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2D3X">2D3X</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2LD0">2LD0</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2LD2">2LD2</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IO4">3IO4</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IO6">3IO6</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IOR">3IOR</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IOT">3IOT</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IOU">3IOU</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IOV">3IOV</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3IOW">3IOW</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/3LRH">3LRH</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FE8">4FE8</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FEB">4FEB</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FEC">4FEC</a></span>, <span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4FED">4FED</a></span>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;;">Eigenschaften des menschlichen Proteins
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<td><a href="Molare_Masse" title="Molare Masse">Masse</a>/Länge <a href="Prim%C3%A4rstruktur" title="Primärstruktur">Primärstruktur</a>
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;">348 <a href="Kilodalton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilodalton">Kilodalton</a> / 3144 <a href="Aminos%C3%A4ure" class="mw-redirect" title="Aminosäure">Aminosäuren</a><sup id="cite_ref-omim_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Bezeichner
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<td><a href="Human_Genome_Organisation" title="Human Genome Organisation">Gen-Namen</a>
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<td colspan="2" class="" style="text-align:center;"><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/tools/search/#!/all?query=4851">HTT</a></i>, HD, IT15
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<td>Externe IDs
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<td colspan="2" class="">
<ul><li><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/omim/613004">613004</a></li>
<li><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42858">P42858</a></li>
<li><a href="Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:96067">96067</a></li></ul>
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<th colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122;">Vorkommen
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">Homologie-Familie
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<td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hogenom.univ-lyon1.fr/query_sequence?seq=P42858">Hovergen</a>
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<td colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90; color:#202122; text-align:center;"><a href="Homologie_(Genetik)#Homologie_zwischen_verdoppelten_oder_fremden_Genen" title="Homologie (Genetik)">Orthologe</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;">
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Mensch
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122; text-align:center;">Hausmaus
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Entrez_Gene" title="Entrez Gene">Entrez</a>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=3064&rn=1">3064</a></span>
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<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=15194&rn=1">15194</a></span>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Ensembl" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000197386;db=core">ENSG00000197386</a></small></small></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><small><small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000029104;db=core">ENSMUSG00000029104</a></small></small></span>
</td></tr>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42858">P42858</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42859">P42859</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (mRNA)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_002111">NM_002111</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_010414">NM_010414</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">Refseq</a> (Protein)
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_002102">NP_002102</a>
</td>
<td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_034544">NP_034544</a>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="Genlocus" title="Genlocus">Genlocus</a>
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<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human?db=hg38&position=chr4:3074681-3243959">Chr 4: 3.07 – 3.24 Mb</a> </span>
</td>
<td><span class=""> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?db=mm10&position=chr5:34761740-34912534">Chr 5: 34.76 – 34.91 Mb</a> </span>
</td></tr>
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<td style="background:#C3FDB8; color:#202122;"><a href="PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a>-Suche
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=3064">3064</a></span>
</td>
<td><span class=""><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=gene&cmd=Link&LinkName=gene_pubmed&from_uid=15194">15194</a></span>
<p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p>
</td></tr></tbody></table><p><span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span>
</p><p>Bei <b>Huntingtin</b> handelt es sich um ein <a href="Gen" title="Gen">Gen</a> mit Symbol <b>HTT</b>, <b>HD</b> (für <i>Huntington disease</i>) oder <b>IT15</b> (für <i>interesting transcript 15</i>), das für das gleichnamige <a href="Protein" title="Protein">Protein</a> kodiert. Dieses Protein bindet an viele <a href="Transkriptionsfaktoren" class="mw-redirect" title="Transkriptionsfaktoren">Transkriptionsfaktoren</a> und beeinflusst somit die <a href="Transkription_(Biologie)" title="Transkription (Biologie)">Transkription</a>. <a href="Mutation" title="Mutation">Mutationen</a> dieses Gens und damit des Proteins werden für die Entstehung der <a href="Polyglutaminerkrankung" class="mw-redirect" title="Polyglutaminerkrankung">Polyglutaminerkrankung</a> <a href="Chorea_Huntington" title="Chorea Huntington">Chorea Huntington</a> verantwortlich gemacht.<sup id="cite_ref-UniProt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniProt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-omim_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Expression_und_Struktur">Expression und Struktur</h2></div>
<p>Das Huntingtin-Gen (<i>HD</i>) ist mit 180 <a href="Basenpaar" title="Basenpaar">kb</a> relativ groß und umfasst 67 <a href="Exon" title="Exon">Exons</a>, deren Größe zwischen 48 und 341 Basenpaaren (Durchschnitt: 138) schwankt.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es wird in allen Geweben <a href="Genexpression" title="Genexpression">exprimiert</a>, am meisten jedoch im Gehirn mit den höchsten Konzentrationen im <a href="Kleinhirn" title="Kleinhirn">Kleinhirn</a>, im <a href="Neocortex" title="Neocortex">Neocortex</a>, im <a href="Striatum" title="Striatum">Striatum</a> und im <a href="Hippocampus" title="Hippocampus">Hippocampus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UniProt_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UniProt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-omim_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-omim-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Das gebildete Protein Huntingtin ist das einzige Genprodukt und hat eine <a href="Molek%C3%BClmasse" title="Molekülmasse">Molekülmasse</a> von ungefähr 350 <a href="Atomare_Masseneinheit" title="Atomare Masseneinheit">Kilodalton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Die <a href="Glutamin" title="Glutamin">glutaminreiche</a> (polyQ) <a href="N-Terminus" title="N-Terminus"><i>N</i>-terminale</a> Domäne des Proteins wird durch wiederholte <a href="Basentriplett" title="Basentriplett">Basentripletts</a> <a href="Cytosin" title="Cytosin">C</a><a href="Adenin" title="Adenin">A</a><a href="Guanin" title="Guanin">G</a> für Glutamin (Q) <a href="Codon" class="mw-redirect" title="Codon">codiert</a>, deren drei <a href="Nukleotide#Notation_von_Nukleotiden" title="Nukleotide">Nukleotide</a> mehrfach gereiht aufeinanderfolgen (sogenannte <i>trinucleotid repeats</i>). In der Normalbevölkerung liegt die Anzahl solcher Wiederholungen in dem codierenden Sequenzabschnitt bei durchschnittlich 16–20, mit einer Schwankungsbreite zwischen 6 und 35. Bei 36 und mehr Wiederholungen kann die <a href="Chorea_Huntington" title="Chorea Huntington">Chorea Huntington</a> als <a href="Trinukleotiderkrankungen" title="Trinukleotiderkrankungen">Trinukleotiderkrankung</a> in Erscheinung treten, bei über 40-mal wiederholtem Glutamin wird die Krankheit regelmäßig <a href="Manifestation" title="Manifestation">manifest</a>, bei über 60 Wiederholungen schon in frühem Lebensalter. Mit steigender Anzahl sinkt das Manifestationsalter. Bei PolyQ-Sequenzen zwischen 36 und 39 ist die <a href="Penetranz_(Genetik)" title="Penetranz (Genetik)">Penetranz</a> unvollständig, die Krankheitssymptome treten verzögert oder gar nicht auf.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Walker_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walker-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Das homologe Gen (<i>Hdh</i>) bei Mäusen liegt auf Chromosom 5, die codierende <a href="Nukleotidsequenz" title="Nukleotidsequenz">Sequenz</a> stimmt zu 86 % mit der menschlichen DNA-Sequenz überein; die <a href="Aminos%C3%A4uresequenz" title="Aminosäuresequenz">Aminosäuresequenz</a> des gebildeten Proteins ist zu 91 % gleich der von Huntingtin beim Menschen. Doch wurden bei der Maus nicht mehr als sieben Wiederholungen der für Glutamin codierenden Tripletts gefunden, auch keine spontane, der Huntingtonschen Chorea gleichende Erkrankung.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funktion">Funktion</h2></div>
<p>Die genaue Funktion von Huntingtin ist unklar, es scheint aber eine wichtige Rolle besonders für die Gehirnzellen und die gesunde, pränatale <a href="Gehirnentwicklung_beim_Menschen" title="Gehirnentwicklung beim Menschen">Entwicklung des Gehirns</a> einzunehmen. Folgende Aufgaben werden dem Huntingtin zugeschrieben: chemische <a href="Signaltransduktion" title="Signaltransduktion">Signaltransduktion</a>, <a href="Transportprotein" title="Transportprotein">Transportfunktionen</a>, <a href="Protein-Protein-Interaktion" title="Protein-Protein-Interaktion">Binden</a> an andere Proteine für verschiedene Aufgaben und Schutz der Zelle vor <a href="Apoptose" title="Apoptose">Apoptose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-omim-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-omim_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-omim_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-omim_1-2">c</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/613004"><i>Huntingtin.</i></a> In: <i><span lang="en"><a href="Online_Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" title="Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man">Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man</a></span>.</i> (englisch)<span class="editoronly" style="display:none;"></span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-UniProt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-UniProt_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-UniProt_2-1">b</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P42858">P42858</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Futter, H. Diekmann, E. Schoenmakers, O. Sadiq, K. Chatterjee und D. C. Rubinsztein: <cite style="font-style:italic">Wild-type but not mutant huntingtin modulates the transcriptional activity of liver X receptors</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Journal of medical genetics</cite>. 46. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>7</span>, 2009, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>438–446</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136/jmg.2009.066399">10.1136/jmg.2009.066399</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19451134?dopt=Abstract">PMID 19451134</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2696822/">PMC 2696822</a> (freier Volltext).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Huntingtin&rft.atitle=Wild-type+but+not+mutant+huntingtin+modulates+the+transcriptional+activity+of+liver+X+receptors&rft.au=M.+Futter%2C+H.+Diekmann%2C+E.+Schoenmakers%2C+...&rft.date=2009&rft.doi=10.1136%2Fjmg.2009.066399&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=7&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+medical+genetics&rft.pages=438-446&rft.pmc=2696822&rft.pmid=19451134&rft.volume=46.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">C. M. Ambrose et al.: <cite style="font-style:italic">Structure and expression of the Huntington's disease gene: evidence against simple inactivation due to an expanded CAG repeat</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Somatic cell and molecular genetics</cite>. 20. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1</span>, 1994, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>27–38</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8197474?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8197474</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Huntingtin&rft.atitle=Structure+and+expression+of+the+Huntington%27s+disease+gene%3A+evidence+against+simple+inactivation+due+to+an+expanded+CAG+repeat&rft.au=C.+M.+Ambrose+et+al.&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=1&rft.jtitle=Somatic+cell+and+molecular+genetics&rft.pages=27-38&rft.pmid=8197474&rft.volume=20.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">A. T. Hoogeveen, R. Willemsen, N. Meyer, K. E. de Rooij, R. A. Roos, G. J. van Ommen und H. Galjaard: <cite style="font-style:italic">Characterization and localization of the Huntington disease gene product</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic"><a href="Human_Molecular_Genetics" title="Human Molecular Genetics">Human Molecular Genetics</a></cite>. 2. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>12</span>, 1993, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2069–2073</span>, <a href="Digital_Object_Identifier" title="Digital Object Identifier">doi</a>:<span class="uri-handle" style="white-space:nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg%2F2.12.2069">10.1093/hmg/2.12.2069</a></span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8111375?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8111375</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Huntingtin&rft.atitle=Characterization+and+localization+of+the+Huntington+disease+gene+product&rft.au=A.+T.+Hoogeveen%2C+R.+Willemsen%2C+N.+Meyer%2C+...&rft.date=1993&rft.doi=10.1093%2Fhmg%2F2.12.2069&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=12&rft.jtitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&rft.pages=2069-2073&rft.pmid=8111375&rft.volume=2.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">E. B. Clabough: <i>Huntington’s disease: the past, present, and future search for disease modifiers.</i> In: <i>Yale J. Biol. Med.</i> Band 86, Nr. 2, 2013, S. 217–233. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23766742?dopt=Abstract">PMID 23766742</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Walker-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Walker_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">F. O. Walker: <i>Huntington’s disease.</i> In: <i><a href="The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a>.</i> Band 369, Nummer 9557, Januar 2007, S. 218–228. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60111-1" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60111-1">doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60111-1</a>. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17240289?dopt=Abstract">PMID 17240289</a>. (Review).</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. T. Barnes, M. P. Duyao, C. M. Ambrose, S. McNeil, F. Persichetti, J. Srinidhi, J. F. Gusella und M. E. MacDonald: <cite style="font-style:italic">Mouse Huntington's disease gene homolog (Hdh)</cite>. In: <cite style="font-style:italic">Somatic cell und molecular genetics</cite>. 20. Jahrgang, <span style="white-space:nowrap">Nr.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>2</span>, 1994, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>87–97</span>, <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8009370?dopt=Abstract">PMID 8009370</a>.<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Huntingtin&rft.atitle=Mouse+Huntington%27s+disease+gene+homolog+%28Hdh%29&rft.au=G.+T.+Barnes%2C+M.+P.+Duyao%2C+C.+M.+Ambrose%2C+...&rft.date=1994&rft.genre=journal&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Somatic+cell+und+molecular+genetics&rft.pages=87-97&rft.pmid=8009370&rft.volume=20.+Jahrgang" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HTT">HTT</a></span>
</li>
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